King Charles II, 1685
Curiously, his strength seemed to wane
“The king was bled to the
extent of a pint from a vein in his right arm. Next, his shoulder was cut into
and the incised area was sucked of an additional 8oz of blood. An emetic and a
purgative were administered followed by a second purgative followed by an enema
containing antimone, sacred bitters, rock salt, mallow leaves, violets, beetroot,
camomile flowers, fennel seeds, linseed, cinnamon, cardamom seed, saffron,
cochineal and aloes. The king’s scalp was shaved and a blister raised. A sneezing powder of hellebore was
administered. A plaster of burgundy pitch and pigeon dung was applied to the
feet. Medicaments included melon seeds, manna, slippery-elm, black cherry
water, lime flowers, lily of the valley, peony, lavender, and dissolved pearls.
As he grew worse, forty drops of extract of human skull were administered,
followed by a rallying dose of Raleigh’s antidote. Finally Bezoar Stone was
given. Curiously, his Majesty’s strength seemed to wane after all these
interventions and as the end of his life seemed imminent, his doctors tried a
last ditch attempt by forcing more Raleigh’s mixture, pearl julep and ammonia
down the dying King’s throat. Further treatment was rendered more difficult by
the king’s death.” [3]
We can be sure that the physicians gathered around the King’s bed were all leaders in their particular field - royalty and presidents do not settle for anything less. But as Proust observed, with hindsight, we can now see the hideous error of their therapeutics. Today, the skull-drops, the ammonia and the pigeon dung have long since disappeared from the conventional arsenal, but what will we say in a few years’ time when we look back on the ‘highly respected’ cancer therapeutics of 2002? Will we dare to venture that there is nothing new under the sun?